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1w Model.) r 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W. B. MASON.

GOVERNOR.

No. 312,137. Patented Feb. 10, 1885.

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W (.No Model.) 2Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. B. MASON.

GOVERNOR. No. 312,137 Patented Feb. 10, 1885.

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N. PETERS. PbaloLilhogr-mpher. Washmgium Dv C.

UNIT D STATES PATENT Oriana.

\VILLIAM B. MASON, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO THE MASONREGULATOR COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

GOVERNOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 312,137, dated February10, 1885.

Application filed September 24, 1853.

'To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I. WILLIAM B. Mitsortof Boston, county of Suffolk, andState of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Governors, ofwhich the following description, in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representinglike parts.

My invention relating to a governor forsaid pumped liquid controllingthe throttle or' other valve of the engine to govern the amount of steamor other fluid pressure supplied to the engine. In my former patent thegovernor-pump was shown as comprising two cylinders, the pistons ofwhich were geared together so as to make their strokes in oppositedirections at the same time, and the entire quantity of liquid forced ateach stroke of the pump acted upon a diaphragm connected with thethrottle or other valve of the engine,such a form of governor beingespecially adapted to control the long uniform stroke of a directactingengine or steam-pump.

The present invention'consists, partly, in a novel arrangement of theducts or passages for the fluid of the governor, whereby only a portionof the pumped fluid, capable of being varied and regulatethacts upon thediaphragm or piston, the movement of which controls the enginevalve, thepressure of the said fluid on the said diaphragm or piston beingaffected by the slightest change in the speed of the governor-pump orengine, to thereby regulate the movement of the latter with extremedelicacy. This result is accomplished by conneoting the chambers of thetwo single-acting pumps of the governor so that a portion of the fluidforced from one pump will be received into the other, each of the saidpumps, however, having an independent passage leading to thevalve-actuating diaphragm or piston, which is thus always affected by aforce proportioned to that in the dischargepassage of the pump that isthen making its forward or forcing stroke.

(No model.)

The invention also consistsin details of construction of the apparatuswhereby it is greatly simplified and cheapened.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a governor embodying this invention;Fig. 2, a vertical section thereof; Fig. 3, a horizontal section on linex m, Fig. 2, showing, however, a modification of the connecting-passagebetween the pui'npchambers; and Fig. at, aseetional detail on line y,Fig. 2.

The main body a of the governor is composed of a single casting, havinga bottom plate, I), and a cover or bonnet, 0, bolted or fastened theretoin any suitable manner. The main portion a has near its lower end twoopposite tubular extensions or chambers, a, the inner ends, a, of whichare bored accurately in line with one another to fit the pumpplunger (1,which is thus adapted to reciprocate back and forth in the chambers a,the ends of which when finished are closed by suitable caps, a a". hemain portion (6- also has formed in it, preferably by coring, ducts orpassages 6, leading from its lower to its upper portions, passingthrough each chambera, and near the upper end of the said case a, branchpassages 6 lead from the said passages e to a short cylindrical chamber,f, in the upper portion of the said case, in which is fitted the pistonh, provided with a rod, h, passing out through the bonnet c of the gov-'ernor, and operating, as will be described, to

control the valve of the engine. The passages are continued to the topof the casing to to enable asuitable tool to be inserted to bore socketsfor the seatsi of the valves 1,

opening outwardly from the chambers a, to

permit the fluid to be forced therefrom into the said passages e, whichare subsequently tightly closed by plugs 7t, so that the liquid flowsthrough the passages 6 into the chamberf beneath the piston h. The lowerends of the passages e are also bored to form sockets for the seats i ofthe valves 6, opening inward to the chambers a, to permit the fluid tobe drawn from the lower portion of the main chamber a into the saidchambers a, the said fluid standing a considerable distance above thelower ends of the said passages e.

As thus far described it will be seen that the chambers to, with theplunger (1 and valves IOD i i, constitute two connected single-actingpumps, by which fluid is alternately forced into the chamber f beneaththe piston h, the said chamber having an outlet, f, controlled by avalve, f, by which the fluid is returned to the lower portion of thechamber a, the operation being substantially the same as in the formerpatent referred to for the part thus far described.

In the apparatus described in the former patent it is essential that theliquid shall escape from the chamber with the same average speed withwhich it is forced into the said chamber by the pumps, and suchconstruction necessitates considerable variation in the movement of thepiston or diaphragm controlling the engine-valve, it vibrating more orless at each stroke of the governor-pump. In order to reduce suchvariation in the movement of the valve-actuating piston,so as to enablethe apparatus to operate advantageously with all kinds of engines, thepump-cham bers a are connected with one another by a duct or passage, m,provided with a controlling-valve, m, through which any desired portionof the liquid may be forced directly from one chamber to the other, thesaid valve m, however, obstructing the flow, and thus causing a pressurein the chamber a, toward and into which the plunger is moving, so that aportion of the liquid will be forced through the passage 6 6' into thechamber f, tending to raise the piston h.

As shown in Fig. 2, the connecting-passage an, between the pump-chambersa, is within the plunger (1, and the valve m, cont-rolling the flow offluid through the said passage, is operated by a stem provided with athreaded hub, m, having grooves or passages m sufficient for the maximumflow of fluid that is to pass between the chambers, and operating by itsrotation to move the valve m toward or from its seat, so as to increaseor decrease the flow of fluid.

In order to enable the said valve to be operated at any time withoutopening the chamher a or stopping the operation of the governor, thevalve stem is squared, as shown at 022*, and enters asquared socket inakey-piece, m that is free to rotate in the cap a of the chamber a, itbeing surrounded with suitable packing and having asquared end, an",adapted to be engaged by a socket wrench or key inserted through anopening in the end of the cap a". The said squared end an is inclosedwithin the cap, so as to prevent tampering with the valve m, and,ifdesired, the key used to engage and rotate the key-piecem in order toadjust the valve may be controlled by tumblers or any of the usualdevices employed in looks to prevent operation except by the proper key.

when there is no fear of the governor being tampered with, theconnecting-passage m may be made as a tube, either within or outside ofthe body of the governor, as shown in Fig. 3, and the valve m may be anordinary plugcock.

In the construction shown in Fig. 2 the stem m has a loose fit in thekey-piece m or the latter is provided with small passages around thestem, as shown, to prevent the entrapment of the fluid within the saidkey-piece as the stem reciprocates thereon, and it is obvious thatinstead of squaring the stem it may be connected with the key-piece by aspline, the essential point being that it is free to reciprocate in thesaid key-piece, but compelled to accompany the said key-piece in. itsrotary movement.

In operation, when the governor is running uniformly, the larger part ofthe liquid is merely pumped back and forth through the pipe m, a smallportion passing through the valves 2" into the chamber f and returningtherefrom through the passage f.

Any sudden acceleration of the plunger (I will immediately increase thepressure in the chamber a, toward which it is moving, and will causemore fluid to enter the chamber f, thus raising the piston h, and atonce checking the engine, the eifect of the acceleration beingimmediately transmitted to the piston h and to the engine, and thuspreventing any injury in case of a sudden reduction of the load, as bythe breakage of the main belt, or, in case of a marine engine, by thepropeller rising out of the water. the plunger d diminishes, the amountof liquid that is caused to enter the chamber f is reduced, and thefluid flowing out of the passagef more rapidly than it is forced inpermits the piston h to descend, the power of the engine being usuallyincreased by the governor somewhat more slowly and gradually than it isdiminished, the latter effect being practically instantaneous.

The plunger (1 may be actuated by the engine through any suitableconnecting mechanism. As herein shown, the said plunger is provided witha guide-pin, (1, upon which a ring, d, surrounding the plunger d, slidesvertically, the said ring beingpivotally connected with aforked crank,(1 mounted on a rockshaft, (1, extending out through the side of thecasing 61, and provided with a crank, d", the crank-pin d" of whichenters a slot in a lever, (1 pivoted at one end to the casing a, andadapted to be connected at its other end with some reciprocating part ofthe engine such, for instance, as the crosshead of the piston-rod. Thestem h of the valve-actuating piston acts upon a lever, h", pivoted in abracket, If, supported on the bonnet c of the apparatus, the said leverh being provided at one end with a weight, h", to act in opposition tothe pressure of the fluid in the chamber f., The lever h has an arm, h,which may be connected by a rod or link, h", with the throttlevalve, orwith any suitable portion of the valve-gear of the engine.

\Vhen it is desired to give the lever h greater steadiness of movement,it may be connected with the rod 12 of a piston, 12, working in acylinder, p pivoted in a portion of the When the speed of p, which maybe regulated by a screw, 19

bracket it upon which the lever h is pivoted. pumped fluid isalternately forced, combined The cylinderp will be filled with a fluid,and

the piston 12 will have a loose fit therein, or

be provided, as shown, with a small orifice,

The bracket h together with the lever h and regulating-cylinder ordash-pot 19* there on, may be turned about the bonnet c in any desireddirection for greater convenience in the connection of the lever d androd It with the proper parts of the enginethe said bracket being shownas threaded and held,when properly adjusted, by a check-nut, a".

It will be seen that the operation of the governor may be regulated bythe valve m, as well as by the valvef and that by means of both valvesthe quickness of the governor to respond to both increase and decreasein the speed of the engine may be varied, it being more sensitive toboth kinds of change in proportion as the valve f is opened and the onea is more nearly closed, but being more steady in operation and none theless sensitive to increase in speed in proportion as the valve a isopened and the one f is more nearly closed.

The piston 71, by which the engine-valve is to be actuated, is made witha chamber in its under side, as shown in Fig. 2, in which air isentrapped, forming a cushion for its movement.

I claim 7 1. In a governor, the case a, constituting a reservoir,provided with opposite chambers a and an upper chamber, f, and ductsconnecting the said chambers a with the onef, combined with the plunger(1, adapted to operate in both the said chambers a, the valves in thesaid ducts, and actuating mechanism for the said plunger, substantiallyas described.

2. In a governor. the pump comprising two chambers from which the fluidis alternately forced, combined with a duct or passage conwith a ductconnecting the said chambers and controlling-valve therein, and thechamber connected with the said pump-chambers having an escape-passageand controlling-valve, and mechanism actuated by the pumped liquidforgoverning the valve of the engine, substantially as described.

4. The reciprocating pump comprising the chambers from which the pumpedfluid is alternately forced, combined with the plunger working in boththe said chambers and provided with a passage connecting the saidchambers, and a valve controlling the flow of fluid through the saidpassage, substantially chambers from which the pumped fluid isalternately forced, combined with the plunger operating in both the saidchambers and provided with a passage connecting them, and a valvecontrolling the flow of fluid through the said passage, and itskey-piece adapted to be operated front the outside of the chamber,substantially as described.

6. The main case constituting a reservoir provided with pump-chambers ain line with one another, combined with the plunger operating in boththe said chambers, the crank connected with the said plunger andinclosed within the main case, and the rock-shaft extending from theinterior to the exterior of the said case. adapted to be connected withthe moving parts of the engine or motor to be governed, substantially asdescribed.

7; The main case constituting a reservoir provided with pump-chambers ain line with one another, combined with the plunger operating in boththe said chambers, provided with a guide-pin, the ring having a slidingmovement thereon, and the crank pivotally connected with the said ring,and a rock-shalt

